2 Corinthians 13:2

Authorized King James Version

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I told you before, and foretell you, as if I were present, the second time; and being absent now I write to them which heretofore have sinned, and to all other, that, if I come again, I will not spare:

Original Language Analysis

προείρηκα I told you before G4280
προείρηκα I told you before
Strong's: G4280
Word #: 1 of 25
used as alternate of g4277; to say already, predict
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 2 of 25
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
προλέγω foretell you G4302
προλέγω foretell you
Strong's: G4302
Word #: 3 of 25
to say beforehand, i.e., predict, forewarn
ὡς as if G5613
ὡς as if
Strong's: G5613
Word #: 4 of 25
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
παρὼν I were present G3918
παρὼν I were present
Strong's: G3918
Word #: 5 of 25
to be near, i.e., at hand; neuter present participle (singular) time being, or (plural) property
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 25
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
δεύτερον the second G1208
δεύτερον the second
Strong's: G1208
Word #: 7 of 25
(ordinal) second (in time, place, or rank; also adverb)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 8 of 25
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀπὼν being absent G548
ἀπὼν being absent
Strong's: G548
Word #: 9 of 25
to be away
νῦν now G3568
νῦν now
Strong's: G3568
Word #: 10 of 25
"now" (as adverb of date, a transition or emphasis); also as noun or adjective present or immediate
γράφω I write G1125
γράφω I write
Strong's: G1125
Word #: 11 of 25
to "grave", especially to write; figuratively, to describe
τοῖς G3588
τοῖς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 12 of 25
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
προημαρτηκόσιν to them which heretofore have sinned G4258
προημαρτηκόσιν to them which heretofore have sinned
Strong's: G4258
Word #: 13 of 25
to sin previously (to conversion)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 14 of 25
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τοῖς G3588
τοῖς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 15 of 25
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
λοιποῖς other G3062
λοιποῖς other
Strong's: G3062
Word #: 16 of 25
remaining ones
πᾶσιν to all G3956
πᾶσιν to all
Strong's: G3956
Word #: 17 of 25
all, any, every, the whole
ὅτι that G3754
ὅτι that
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 18 of 25
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
ἐὰν if G1437
ἐὰν if
Strong's: G1437
Word #: 19 of 25
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
ἔλθω I come G2064
ἔλθω I come
Strong's: G2064
Word #: 20 of 25
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
εἰς again G1519
εἰς again
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 21 of 25
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 22 of 25
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πάλιν G3825
πάλιν
Strong's: G3825
Word #: 23 of 25
(adverbially) anew, i.e., (of place) back, (of time) once more, or (conjunctionally) furthermore or on the other hand
οὐ not G3756
οὐ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 24 of 25
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
φείσομαι I will G5339
φείσομαι I will
Strong's: G5339
Word #: 25 of 25
to be chary of, i.e., (subjectively) to abstain or (objectively) to treat leniently

Analysis & Commentary

I told you before, and foretell you—Paul employs the Greek proeirēka (προείρηκα, "I have said beforehand") and prolegō (προλέγω, "I say beforehand"), legal terminology of formal warning. His phrase if I come again, I will not spare uses ou pheisomai (οὐ φείσομαι), the same verb describing God not sparing His own Son (Romans 8:32)—indicating severe apostolic discipline awaits unrepentant sinners.

Paul's posture combines pastoral concern with judicial authority: being absent now I write rather than wielding discipline immediately, providing opportunity for repentance. The distinction between them which heretofore have sinned (persistent offenders) and all other (the broader church) shows Paul's precision in applying discipline—targeting specific sins while warning the whole congregation.

Historical Context

The "painful visit" (2 Cor 2:1) involved public confrontation that Paul regretted but deemed necessary. Now, writing from Macedonia before his third visit, Paul gives final warning. Ancient letters of recommendation and authority (like Paul's epistles) carried legal weight, making this written warning a formal indictment requiring response before his arrival.

Questions for Reflection

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